Multi-zone sprinkler system with moisture sensors and configurable spray pattern

ABSTRACT

An irrigation system comprises sprinkler heads with an electrically configurable spray pattern, moisture sensors, and a controller. Based upon input signals from the moisture sensors, the controller dynamically configures the spray pattern of the sprinkler head to allow more water to fall on areas that need to be watered and less water to fall on areas that do not require additional water. The irrigation system can additionally comprise fire sensors. Based upon input from the fire sensors, the controller activates the sprinklers.

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 11/152,037,filed Jun. 14, 2005, titled “MULTI-ZONE SPRINKLER SYSTEM WITH MOISTURESENSORS AND CONFIGURABLE SPRAY PATTERN,” the entire contents of which ishereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates generally to landscape sprinkler systems and moreparticularly to landscape sprinkling systems and methods having acomputer configured spray pattern.

2. Description of the Related Art

In the past, it has been a well-known practice to provide automaticwatering devices, such as sprinklers, in order to supply plants with aproper amount of moisture so that the plants will flourish. Homeownersand commercial establishments, such as golf courses, recreational parks,and farms, use automatic watering systems.

A conventional system employs a timer controller, which operates asolenoid valve incorporated into a water system so that when the time asarbitrarily set by the user arrives, power is supplied via the solenoidto the water supply valve so that water is then supplied to a system ofsprinklers or other irrigation devices. However, the sprinkler systemsupplies water even though the ground or plant medium is saturated suchas after a heavy rain or the like.

For example, an area or zone requiring irrigation may contain thin sandysoil with low water holding capacity from which water drains easily.Another zone may contain a deeper sand, clay and silt mixture, whichdrains slowly and holds water for a longer period. If the irrigatorapplies water uniformly at a rate equal to the average required over thearea, the user is faced with the dilemma of having too little water inone zone and too much in the other. In practice, the user typicallyirrigates the entire area at the rate required for the most deficientsoil, which wastes water in the zones, which do not require additionalwater. As the cost of water increases, this creates an unnecessaryexpense for the user.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one embodiment, an irrigation system includes sprinkler heads with anelectrically-configurable spray pattern, moisture sensors, and acontroller. Based upon input signals from the moisture sensors, thecontroller dynamically configures the spray pattern of the sprinklerhead to allow more water to fall on areas that need to be watered andless water to fall on areas that do not require additional water.

In another embodiment, the irrigation system additionally includes firesensors. Based upon input from the fire sensors, the controlleractivates the sprinklers.

In one embodiment, a rotating sprinkler head includes at least onesolenoid, having a first state and a second state. The amount of waterthe sprinkler sprinkles is dependent on the rate of rotation of thesprinkler as it travels through an arc. In one embodiment, the arc is acircle. In one embodiment, the sprinkler head rotates relatively slowlywhen the solenoid is in the first state, and rotates relatively quicklywhen the solenoid is in the second state. When the sprinkler headrotates more slowly, the ground surrounding the sprinkler in the arc ofslow rotation receives more water than the ground surrounding thesprinkler head in the arc of fast rotation. In one embodiment, the firststate is an active state and the second state is an inactive state. Inanother embodiment, the first state is the inactive state and the secondstate is the active state.

In one embodiment, a stationary sprinkler head includes at least onesolenoid having a first state and a second state and a water outlet portassociated at least one solenoid. When the solenoid is in the firststate, water outlet port is open, allowing the flow of water. When thesolenoid is in the second state, the water outlet port closes,inhibiting the flow of water. In one embodiment, the first state is anactive state and the second state is an inactive state. In anotherembodiment, the first state is the inactive state and the second stateis the active state.

For purposes of summarizing the invention, certain aspects, advantages,and novel features of the invention have been described herein. It is tobe understood that not necessarily all such advantages may be achievedin accordance with any particular embodiment of the invention. Thus, theinvention may be embodied or carried out in a manner that achieves oroptimizes one advantage or group of advantages as taught herein withoutnecessarily achieving other advantages as may be taught or suggestedherein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A general architecture that implements the various features of theinvention will now be described with reference to the drawings. Thedrawings and the associated descriptions are provided to illustrateembodiments of the invention and not to limit the scope of theinvention. Throughout the drawings, reference numbers are re-used toindicate correspondence between referenced elements. In addition, thefirst digit of each reference number indicates the figure in which theelement first appears.

FIG. 1 shows a multi-zone sprinkler system.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-zone sprinkler system.

FIG. 3 shows an adjustable-pattern sprinkler head with associatedmoisture sensors.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a rotating sprinkler with controllablerotation rates.

FIG. 5 shows a rotating sprinkler with an actuator to control rotationspeed.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a non-rotating sprinkler head with anadjustable spray pattern.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

FIG. 1 illustrates a golf course as one exemplary application for oneembodiment of a multi-zone sprinkler system 100. Other exemplaryapplications include, but are not limited to, recreational parks, homelawns, theme parks, cemeteries, farms, nurseries, and any other settingthat provides water to vegetation through an automatic watering system.FIG. 1 illustrates a plurality of sprinklers 102, each having anelectronically configurable spray pattern 104.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the multi-zonesprinkler system 100. The sprinkler system 100 includes the sprinklers102, moisture sensors 200, water supply valves 202, a water supply 204,and a central control system 206.

In a typical arrangement, a series of water supply valves 202 eachconnect to the water supply 204. Each water supply valve 202 connects toa series of sprinklers 102, each sprinkler 102 having the configurablespray pattern 104. When a switch or solenoid in the water supply valve202 activates, the water from the water supply 204 flows through thewater supply valve 202. Depending on the spray pattern 104 of thesprinkler 102, the sprinkler 102 waters some, all, or none of the areasurrounding the sprinkler 102. In one embodiment, the sprinkler system100 is arranged in watering zones.

In one embodiment, the water supply can include fertilizer, weed controlsolution, or any other soluble compound the user desires to apply to thearea associated with the sprinkler system 100.

In other arrangements, the multi-zone sprinkler system 100 includes atleast one water control valve 202, and at least one sprinkler 102 havinga configurable spray pattern 104.

The moisture sensors 200 are buried in the soil to sense the moisture inthe soil. In one embodiment, the moisture sensors 200 form a circular orsemi-circular arrangement around each sprinkler 102. The moisturesensors 200 transmit data indicating the moisture content of the soil tothe central control system 206. In one embodiment, the moisture sensors200 transmit data to the central control system via a radio frequency(RF) link, or other wireless transmission system.

In another embodiment, the moisture sensors 200 electrically connect tothe sprinklers 102 and the sprinklers 102 communicate with the centralcontrol system 206 via the wireless transmission system. The moisturesensors 200 collect the moisture data and transmit the moisture datathrough the electrical connection to the sprinklers 102. The sprinklers102 transmit the moisture data via the wireless transmission system,such as the RF link, to the central control system 206.

In another embodiment, the moisture sensors 200 electrically connect tothe sprinklers 102 and the sprinklers 102 electrically connect to thecentral control system 206. The moisture sensors 200 collect themoisture data and transmit the moisture data through the electricalconnection to the sprinklers 102. The sprinklers 102 transmit themoisture data through the electrical connection to the central controlsystem 206.

In another embodiment, the multi-zone sprinkler system 100 furtherincludes a zone controller 210. The moisture sensors 200 located in thezone controlled by the zone controller 210 transmit the moisture data tothe zone controller 210. The zone controller 210 transmits the moisturedata to the central control system 206.

In one embodiment, the moisture sensors 102 transmit the moisture datavia a wireless transmission system, such as, for example, the RF link,to the zone controller 210. In another embodiment, the moisture sensors200 electrically connect to the zone controller 210. Each moisturesensor 200 can be individually wired to the zone controller 210, orgroups of moisture sensors 200 can be wired in a consecutive pattern,i.e., daisy chained, and the last moisture sensor 200 in the chainelectrically connects to the zone controller 210. The moisture sensors200 transmit the moisture data to the zone controller 210 through theelectrical connection.

In one embodiment, the zone controller 210 communicates with the centralcontrol system via the wireless transmission system, such as, forexample, the RF link, and transmits the moisture data via the wirelesstransmission system to the central control system 206. In anotherembodiment, the zone controller 210 electrically connects to the centralcontrol system 206, and transmits the moisture data to the centralcontrol system 206 through the electrical connection.

Based on the moisture data, the central control system 206 decides howmuch water to put down in each zone. The central control system 206activates the water control valves 202, which permits water from thewater supply 204 to flow through the water control valves 202. Further,based on the moisture data, the central control system 206 configuresthe electrically configurable spray pattern 104 of the sprinklers 102.

The central control system 206 includes one or more computers. Thecomputers include, by way of example, processors, program logic, orother substrate configurations representing data and instructions, whichoperate as described herein. In other embodiments, the processors caninclude controller circuitry, processor circuitry, processors,general-purpose single-chip or multi-chip microprocessors, digitalsignal processors, embedded microprocessors, microcontrollers and thelike.

The central control system 206 includes information relating to thelocations of the sprinklers 200, the area watered or the maximum spraypattern of each sprinkler 200, watering zones controlled by each zonecontroller 210, and the like.

The central control system 206 processes the moisture data to determinewhich areas require moisture. The central control system 206 transmitsinstructions to configure the spray pattern 104 of the sprinklers 102,such that the areas requiring moisture are watered, and the areas notrequiring moisture are not watered.

In one embodiment, the central control system 206 transmits instructionsto the zone controller 210 through the wireless transmission system orthe electrical connection, as described above. The zone controller 210then transmits the instructions to the sprinkler 200 through thewireless transmission system or the electrical connection, as describedabove.

In another embodiment, the central control system 206 transmitsinstructions directly to the sprinkler 102 through the wirelesstransmission system or the electrical connection, as described above.

In another embodiment, the multi-zone sprinkler system 100 furtherincludes fire sensors 208. The fire sensors 208 are, for example, smokedetectors, infrared detectors, ultraviolet (UV) detectors, infraredcameras, temperature sensors, or the like. The fire sensors 208 transmitfire data to the central control system 206 directly or through the zonecontroller 210 through the wireless transmission system or an electricalconnection, as described above. Based on the fire data, the centralcontrol system 206 transmits instructions to configure the spray pattern104 of the sprinklers 102, as described above, such that the areasrequiring moisture are watered.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sprinkler system 300. The sprinklersystem 300 includes the sprinkler 102 having the configurable spraypattern 104, and the moisture sensors 200. The sprinkler 102 includes asprinkler head 302, which includes at least one computer 304.

The computer 304 includes, by way of example, processors, program logic,or other substrate configurations representing data and instructions,which operate as described herein. In other embodiments, the processorscan include controller circuitry, processor circuitry, processors,general-purpose single-chip or multi-chip microprocessors, digitalsignal processors, embedded microprocessors, microcontrollers and thelike.

The sprinkler head 302 receives water when the water control valve 202activates. The computer 304 receives control data and power from acentral location, such as the central control system 206. In anotherembodiment, the computer 304 receives only power from the centrallocation.

At least one moisture sensor 200 is associated with and electricallyconnects to the sprinkler head 302. In one embodiment, a plurality ofmoisture sensors 200 forms a circular pattern around the sprinkler head300.

The moisture sensors 200 transmit the moisture data to the computer 304.In one embodiment, the computer 304 transmits the moisture data to thecentral control system 206 and receives instructions to configure thespray pattern 104 from the central control system 206. In anotherembodiment, the computer 304 receives the moisture data, processes themoisture data to determine the correct spray pattern 104, and configuresthe spray pattern 104 based on the moisture data.

FIG. 3 illustrates the spray patterns 104 partially overlapping. Inanother embodiment, the spray patterns 104 do not overlap. In a furtherembodiment, the spray patterns 104 overlap, such that the area of thesprinkler system 300 is watered by at least one sprinkler 102.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a rotating sprinkler400. The rotating sprinkler 400 rotates in a 360E arc, or portions ofthe 360E arc, when water flows through the sprinkler 400. The rate ofrotation through various portions of the arc determines the quantity ofwater applied to the area surrounding the sprinkler 400. As thesprinkler slowly rotates, the sprinkler 400 applies more water. When thesprinkler 400 rotates quickly, less water is applied.

The sprinkler 400 includes a sprinkler head 402. The sprinkler head 402includes an actuator 404, positional information 406, and a datainterface 408. The positional information 406 received through the datainterface 408 controls the activation of the actuator 404. The actuator404 controls the rate of rotation of the sprinkler head 402. Typically,the sprinkler 400 would be used in a golf course or other industrialapplication with rotating sprinklers.

In one embodiment, when the actuator 404 is open or active, thesprinkler head 402 rotates quickly. In another embodiment, when theactuator 404 is closed or inactive, the sprinkler head 402 rotatesslowly.

The water supply 204, through the activated water supply valve 202,supplies water to the sprinkler 400. The moisture sensor 200 sendsmoisture data 410 to the central control system 206 directly or throughthe sprinkler 400 via the wireless transmission system or electricalconnections, or a combination of the wireless transmission system or theelectrical connections.

Based on the moisture data 410, the central control system 206 sendspositional information 406 through the data interface 408 to thesprinkler 400 via the wireless transmission system or electricalconnections, or a combination of the wireless transmission system or theelectrical connections. Using the positional information, the sprinkler400 opens or closes the actuator 404 to control the speed at which thesprinkler head 402 rotates.

In another embodiment, the sprinkler 400, using the computer 302,determines the positional information 406 based on the moisture data410. Using the positional information from the computer 302, thesprinkler 400 opens or closes the actuator 404 to control the rate ofrotation of the sprinkler head 402.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the sprinkler 400comprising the actuator 404. The actuator 404 can be, for example, asolenoid, a stepper motor, a switch, a relay, a valve, or the like.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a non-rotatingsprinkler 600. The sprinkler 600 includes a sprinkler head 602. Thesprinkler head 602 includes at least one solenoid 604 having an activestate and an inactive state. Each solenoid 604 controls a port 606associated with the solenoid 604. In one embodiment, the solenoids 604and their associated ports 606 form a ring around the perimeter of thesprinkler head 602. For example, eight solenoids could be used tocontrol eight zones of a circular patterns around the sprinkler 600.Typically, the sprinkler 600 would be used in a residential applicationor other application with non-rotating sprinklers.

The water supply 204 through the activated water supply valve 202supplies water to the sprinkler 600. When the port 606 is open, waterflows through the port 606.

In one embodiment, when the solenoid 604 is active, the port 606 isopen. In another embodiment, when the solenoid 604 is active, the port606 is closed. In another embodiment, when the solenoid 604 is inactive,the port 606 is closed. In a yet further embodiment, when the solenoid604 is inactive, the port 606 is open.

Based on the moisture data 410, the central control system 206 sendsstate information to the sprinkler 600 to control the state of thesolenoids 604. The solenoids 604 open the ports 606 as determined by thestate information. The sprinkler 600 waters the area associated with theopen ports 606.

In another embodiment, the sprinkler 600, using the computer 302,controls the state of the solenoids 604 based on the moisture data 410.The sprinkler 600 activates the solenoids 604 to open the ports 606,which waters the areas associated with the open ports 606.

While certain embodiments of the inventions have been described, theseembodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are notintended to limit the scope of the inventions. Indeed, the novel methodsand systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of otherforms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions, and changes in theform of the methods and systems described herein may be made withoutdeparting from the spirit of the inventions. The accompanying claims andtheir equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications aswould fall within the scope and spirit of the inventions.

1. A sprinkler system comprising: a rotating sprinkler head having aconfigurable spray pattern, wherein said sprinkler head is configured torotate through an arc; a first moisture sensor provided in a zonewatered by said sprinkler head, said first moisture sensor associatedwith a first portion of the arc and configured to collect moisture datain the zone; a second moisture sensor provided in the zone, said secondmoisture sensor associated with a second portion of the arc andconfigured to collect moisture data in the zone; and a controllerconfigured to obtain the moisture data and configure the spray patternof the sprinkler head based on the moisture data, wherein the controlleris configured to configure the spray pattern at least in part bycontrolling the rate of rotation of said sprinkler head, wherein thecontroller is configured to reduce the rate of rotation of the sprinklerhead when the sprinkler head is passing through said first portion ofthe arc that the moisture data indicate to be less moist and to increasethe rate of rotation of the sprinkler head when the sprinkler head ispassing through said second portion of the arc that the moisture dataindicate to be more moist.
 2. The sprinkler system of claim 1, whereinthe sprinkler head further comprises an actuator, wherein the spraypattern is controlled by controlling the actuator.
 3. The sprinklersystem of claim 1, wherein the sprinkler head further comprises anactuator, wherein the state of the actuator determines rate of rotationof the sprinkler head.
 4. The sprinkler system of claim 2, wherein thecontroller determines the state of the actuator.
 5. The sprinkler systemof claim 1, further comprising one or more fire sensors.
 6. Thesprinkler system of claim 1, wherein the controller obtains the moisturedata through a wireless transmission link.
 7. The sprinkler system ofclaim 1, wherein the controller is electrically connected to themoisture sensors.
 8. The sprinkler system of claim 1 wherein thecontroller comprises a zone controller, the zone controller configuredto receive said moisture data and provide the moisture data to a centralcontroller.
 9. The sprinkler system of claim 1, wherein said sprinklerhead comprises said controller.
 10. The sprinkler system of claim 1,wherein said controller comprises a zone controller that controls aplurality of sprinkler heads.
 11. A sprinkler system comprising: meansfor collecting moisture data in pattern areas associated with a rotatingsprinkler head, said pattern areas further associated with differentportions of an arc; and means for automatically configurable spraypattern associated with the sprinkler head based on the moisture data byreducing the rate of rotation of said sprinkler head when the sprinklerhead is passing through portions of the arc that the moisture dataindicate to be less moist and means for increasing the rate of rotationof said sprinkler head when the sprinkler head is passing throughportions of the arc that the moisture data indicate to be more moist.12. A method of watering comprising: obtaining moisture data from aplurality of moisture sensors associated with a rotating sprinkler headand further associated with different portions of an arc; andautomatically configuring a configurable spray pattern associated withthe sprinkler head based on the moisture data wherein the spray patternis automatically configured at least in part by reducing the rate ofrotation of the sprinkler head when the sprinkler head is passingthrough portions of the arc that the moisture data indicate to be lessmoist and increasing the rate of rotation of the sprinkler head when thesprinkler head is passing through portions of the arc that the moisturedata indicate to be more moist.
 13. A sprinkler comprising: means forobtaining moisture data from a plurality of moisture sensors associatedwith a rotating sprinkler head and further associated with differentportions of an arc; and means for dynamically configuring a configurablespray pattern associated with the sprinkler head based on the moisturedata by reducing the rate of rotation of said sprinkler head when thesprinkler head is passing through portions of the arc that the moisturedata indicate to be less moist and means for increasing the rate ofrotation of said sprinkler head when the sprinkler head is passingthrough portions of the arc that the moisture data indicate to be moremoist.
 14. A sprinkler system comprising: a rotating sprinkler headhaving a configurable spray pattern, wherein said sprinkler head isconfigured to rotate through an arc; a plurality of moisture sensorsprovided in a zone watered by said sprinkler head, each of said moisturesensors associated with at least one portion of said arc, said moisturesensors configured to collect moisture data in the zone; and acontroller configured to obtain the moisture data and configure thespray pattern of the sprinkler head based on the moisture data, whereinthe controller is configured to configure the spray pattern at least inpart by controlling the rate of rotation of said sprinkler head, whereinthe controller is configured to reduce the rate of rotation of thesprinkler head when the sprinkler head is passing through portions ofthe arc that the moisture data indicate to be less moist and to increasethe rate of rotation of said sprinkler head when the sprinkler head ispassing through portions of the arc that the moisture data indicate tobe more moist.
 15. The sprinkler system of claim 14, wherein thesprinkler head further comprises an actuator, wherein the spray patternis controlled by controlling the actuator.
 16. The sprinkler system ofclaim 14, wherein the sprinkler head further comprises an actuator,wherein the state of the actuator determines rate of rotation of thesprinkler head.
 17. The sprinkler system of claim 15, wherein thecontroller determines the state of the actuator.
 18. The sprinklersystem of claim 14, further comprising one or more fire sensors.
 19. Thesprinkler system of claim 14, wherein the controller obtains themoisture data through a wireless transmission link.
 20. The sprinklersystem of claim 14, wherein the controller is electrically connected tothe moisture sensors.
 21. The sprinkler system of claim 14, wherein thecontroller comprises a zone controller, the zone controller configuredto receive said moisture data and provide the moisture data to a centralcontroller.
 22. The sprinkler system of claim 14, wherein said sprinklerhead comprises said controller.
 23. The sprinkler system of claim 14,wherein said controller comprises a zone controller that controls aplurality of sprinkler heads.